This is the story of conical refraction that was discovered more than 150 years
ago and only now will come to real first applications.
It took us more than 150 years to see what Hamilton predicted as theory in 1832 at the Royal Irish
Academy and Lloyd proofed by experiment in the same year. Even when he was young William
Hamilton was one of the best scientists of his days. He was active as well in astronomy where he
got his professor, as in mathematics and physics. Between 1827 and 1833 Hamilton published a
series of papers in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. It was a sensation when in 1832 he
predicted the optical effect of both internal and external conical refraction, which shortly after was
experimentally proofed by Rev. Humphrey Lloyd, fellow of Trinity College and professor of
natural and philosophy in the university of Dublin.....
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